Preterm labor is a critical issue in obstetrics and maternal-fetal medicine, as it is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. It refers to the onset of labor before 37 weeks of gestation, which can lead to premature birth and subsequent health complications for the infant. Researchers in this area study the various risk factors, mechanisms, and potential interventions to prevent or delay preterm labor. This includes investigating the role of inflammation, infection, hormonal imbalances, uterine abnormalities, and genetic factors in the initiation of preterm labor. Additionally, researchers also explore the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches, such as medications, cerclage, and progesterone supplementation, in preventing preterm labor and improving outcomes for preterm infants. Overall, the goal of research in this area is to improve our understanding of preterm labor and develop effective strategies to reduce the incidence and impact of premature birth.